Peri-Implant Diseases and Gastrointestinal Diseases

Peri-implant diseases are serious problems that plagues today’s dentistry, both in terms of therapy and
epidemiology. With the expansion of implantology practice and the increasing number of implants placed
annually, the frequency of peri-implant diseases has greatly expanded. The clinical manifestations, in
the absence of a globally established classification, are peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis, the
counterparts of gingivitis and periodontitis, respectively. However, many doubts remain about their
features. Official diagnostic criteria, globally recognised by the dental community, have not yet been
introduced. The review presented possible association between gastrointestinal diseases and peri-implant
diseases. Previous studies had revealed the association with significantly higher levels of bacteria in
patient’s gastrointestinal disease at either gingivitis or in periodontitis site. Additionally, pathogenesis of
the periodontitis is similar to peri-implant diseases.

Keywords: Gastrointestinal diseases; mucositis; peri-implant diseases; peri-implantitis